Comprehensive Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Advances

Asadullah Muhammad Hossain Saad; Md. Kabir Uddin Sikder

doi:10.54060/a2zjournals.pcc.33

Authors

Asadullah Muhammad Hossain Saad Power and Engineering, East Coast Group (Omera Renewable Energy Limited), Dhaka, Bangladesh https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5256-6299
Md. Kabir Uddin Sikder Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54060/a2zjournals.pcc.33

Keywords:

Liver cancer, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Viral hepatitis, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major worldwide health problem with increasing incidence and mortality. This article reviews the epidemiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC. In this review, we consider the important risk fac-tors of HCC, such as viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcohol, taking particular notice of their prevalence in different global areas. Opinions on preventive strategies such as vaccination against hepatitis B virus and surveillance programs for high-risk populations are recorded. In conjunction, this review details current diagnostic modalities, including imaging techniques (ultrasound, CT, and MRI) and serum biomarkers (AFP), as well as the limitations associated with each. These topics will move from surgical resection and liver transplantation to locoregional, systemic therapies, along with a focus on the latest developments in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Although there have been positive advances in HCC management, the early Detection and successful treatment of advanced-stage disease still pose significant challenges. The ultimate goals of future research in this area may be to develop new therapeutic agents and improve the accuracy of diagnostic imaging based on disease biology for personalized medicine.

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